From pjk25@cornell.edu Tue May 2 02:27:31 2006 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.1.0 (2005-09-13) on sundial.cs.cornell.edu X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.3 required=5.0 tests=AWL,BAYES_00 autolearn=ham version=3.1.0 X-Spam-Level: Received: from iago.cs.cornell.edu (iago.cs.cornell.edu [128.84.96.10]) by sundial.cs.cornell.edu (8.11.7-20031020/8.11.7/M-3.25) with ESMTP id k426RV219278 for ; Tue, 2 May 2006 02:27:31 -0400 (EDT) Received: from authusersmtp.mail.cornell.edu ([128.253.83.141]) by iago.cs.cornell.edu with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.1830); Tue, 2 May 2006 02:27:14 -0400 Received: from [10.0.1.201] (cpe-69-207-37-155.twcny.res.rr.com [69.207.37.155]) (authenticated bits=0) by authusersmtp.mail.cornell.edu (8.13.1/8.12.10) with ESMTP id k426RDWQ011745 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-SHA bits=128 verify=NOT) for ; Tue, 2 May 2006 02:27:13 -0400 (EDT) Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v749.3) To: egs+summary@cs.cornell.edu Message-Id: <57536D5E-29EA-487B-AF5E-A5D3535FCEBD@cornell.edu> Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=sha1; boundary=Apple-Mail-15-740332531; protocol="application/pkcs7-signature" From: Philip Kuryloski Subject: PAPER 26 Date: Tue, 2 May 2006 02:27:36 -0400 X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.749.3) X-OriginalArrivalTime: 02 May 2006 06:27:14.0308 (UTC) FILETIME=[739F0C40:01C66DB1] --Apple-Mail-15-740332531 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed SONY: The document discusses the evolution of copyright law in the context of technological devices including P2P networks. It was in the historic Sony Betamax case where Sony was eventually found not liable for copyright infringing actions by users of their product because their product had "substantial noninfringing use" and they did not directly contribute to or encourage such actions. At this time it was also questionable as to whether the use of the VTR for time- shifting of media was in fact fair use of the broadcast. Since some stations expressly authorized time-shifting, it was found that the VTR has substantial noninfringing uses and Sony was not held liable. In the case of Napster, it was found that Napster contributed to infringement by indexing copyrighted works and not blocking their transfer. In Grokster, the decentralized structure of the network meant that the software authors had not the ability to control the network nor did they directly supply copyrighted works and so were initially not held liable. This decision was somewhat overturned later by the Supreme Court when they found that infringement was essentially promoted by Grokster. The paper illuminates a pivotal element in copyright law: How to balance the rights of the owner and the consumers of the media. I was very much surprised to find that time-shifting may have been ruled non fair use of the VTR. It seems similar to me to ask the audience at a circus not to remember what they had seen or describe the performance in any way to others after having left. Once something has been broadcast, it seems difficult to me that a television station can claim that they retain any ownership of it. It this similar strain of thinking, my tendency is that the authors of a P2P software can only be held liable for infringement if they actively promote infringement. Whether the authors know infringement occurs, or the fraction of infringing use does not seem an important factor to me. It is well know that guns can be used for murder, and it is well known that deer do not wear bullet proof vests. Yet, gun manufacturers are not considered to be inducing murder by selling armor piercing bullets. --Apple-Mail-15-740332531 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature; name=smime.p7s Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=smime.p7s MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIGFjCCAs8w ggI4oAMCAQICAw+L7TANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADBiMQswCQYDVQQGEwJaQTElMCMGA1UEChMcVGhh d3RlIENvbnN1bHRpbmcgKFB0eSkgTHRkLjEsMCoGA1UEAxMjVGhhd3RlIFBlcnNvbmFsIEZyZWVt YWlsIElzc3VpbmcgQ0EwHhcNMDUwOTI2MTc1NzM0WhcNMDYwOTI2MTc1NzM0WjBDMR8wHQYDVQQD ExZUaGF3dGUgRnJlZW1haWwgTWVtYmVyMSAwHgYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhFwamsyNUBjb3JuZWxsLmVk dTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALFkgyhHSufUWaYxKh+wvUSDmrM8cViE JjeRS7Ssdd5tf0ckH2iwktNuSkxSsavsmAY+8zahwJjwk/JWTVyOGW/QsjgA5zoTJeAz4ah/QcKZ hou20lN6NvlFZWA43b4/jwtpVVa2RMS1fitkEs7YA9N16akGyXCpJR2i6EVTk7tx8/zf7i7bqg4t tmbJaySQyMQ4QV1O+F00m+zms0WZN5XRDqPwU2/WZfUE5BK/pGLkkFheBGSJJssuOsct8ctup0AI fJLlLZZhBCEdNeM2x9KfQEm+Tk3Ty0zl0pOewe7oW9vgwBJ2LwTVurzQ7qXeq1VhkDmkQJOwjcxM ssGAPXMCAwEAAaMuMCwwHAYDVR0RBBUwE4ERcGprMjVAY29ybmVsbC5lZHUwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIw ADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQBanW/NR5+pfeGOS7lM21kLObfzzGKtHvTFZ/RS0cSgWSKaCZfx aLLhqC9EFFFxh0b4wn0zCTv4CQWhrpaPZZC7oroP70kqWypQdjFbQ2rlLrVVS8pE4gtjZnRPFMr0 BEH+1K7kWB6kTHvg2eI1EotCI92yARGzlzKrXjPonHppijCCAz8wggKooAMCAQICAQ0wDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEFBQAwgdExCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMRUwEwYDVQQIEwxXZXN0ZXJuIENhcGUxEjAQBgNVBAcT CUNhcGUgVG93bjEaMBgGA1UEChMRVGhhd3RlIENvbnN1bHRpbmcxKDAmBgNVBAsTH0NlcnRpZmlj YXRpb24gU2VydmljZXMgRGl2aXNpb24xJDAiBgNVBAMTG1RoYXd0ZSBQZXJzb25hbCBGcmVlbWFp bCBDQTErMCkGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYccGVyc29uYWwtZnJlZW1haWxAdGhhd3RlLmNvbTAeFw0wMzA3 MTcwMDAwMDBaFw0xMzA3MTYyMzU5NTlaMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMSUwIwYDVQQKExxUaGF3dGUg Q29uc3VsdGluZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNUaGF3dGUgUGVyc29uYWwgRnJlZW1haWwg SXNzdWluZyBDQTCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAwgYkCgYEAxKY8VXNV+065yplaHmjAdQRw nd/p/6Me7L3N9VvyGna9fww6YfK/Uc4B1OVQCjDXAmNaLIkVcI7dyfArhVqqP3FWy688Cwfn8R+R NiQqE88r1fOCdz0Dviv+uxg+B79AgAJk16emu59l0cUqVIUPSAR/p7bRPGEEQB5kGXJgt/sCAwEA AaOBlDCBkTASBgNVHRMBAf8ECDAGAQH/AgEAMEMGA1UdHwQ8MDowOKA2oDSGMmh0dHA6Ly9jcmwu dGhhd3RlLmNvbS9UaGF3dGVQZXJzb25hbEZyZWVtYWlsQ0EuY3JsMAsGA1UdDwQEAwIBBjApBgNV HREEIjAgpB4wHDEaMBgGA1UEAxMRUHJpdmF0ZUxhYmVsMi0xMzgwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEA SIzRUIPqCy7MDaNmrGcPf6+svsIXoUOWlJ1/TCG4+DYfqi2fNi/A9BxQIJNwPP2t4WFiw9k6GX6E sZkbAMUaC4J0niVQlGLH2ydxVyWN3amcOY6MIE9lX5Xa9/eH1sYITq726jTlEBpbNU1341YheILc IRk13iSx0x1G/11fZU8xggLnMIIC4wIBATBpMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMSUwIwYDVQQKExxUaGF3 dGUgQ29uc3VsdGluZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNUaGF3dGUgUGVyc29uYWwgRnJlZW1h aWwgSXNzdWluZyBDQQIDD4vtMAkGBSsOAwIaBQCgggFTMBgGCSqGSIb3DQEJAzELBgkqhkiG9w0B BwEwHAYJKoZIhvcNAQkFMQ8XDTA2MDUwMjA2MjczNlowIwYJKoZIhvcNAQkEMRYEFFTv7wBnoyMi GeK8LN4K/A3aqJgOMHgGCSsGAQQBgjcQBDFrMGkwYjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExJTAjBgNVBAoTHFRo YXd0ZSBDb25zdWx0aW5nIChQdHkpIEx0ZC4xLDAqBgNVBAMTI1RoYXd0ZSBQZXJzb25hbCBGcmVl bWFpbCBJc3N1aW5nIENBAgMPi+0wegYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAgsxa6BpMGIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlpBMSUw IwYDVQQKExxUaGF3dGUgQ29uc3VsdGluZyAoUHR5KSBMdGQuMSwwKgYDVQQDEyNUaGF3dGUgUGVy c29uYWwgRnJlZW1haWwgSXNzdWluZyBDQQIDD4vtMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUABIIBAH7F0tVslfcY +mn3cfh2iP4jp5A9CVF1fOPbBHA4Oyb3lgX0hWya0B4Gm7t7OUprdApiFxfb7SUWO0KLLYm+bQ/t PWJ8NxzN+MhRWdVFpoqwXM/toBTX5nuFxJlUxUGHnJq+0z6MeT7PXVdxFsU8l9YJUeVSWpFRfzDn Z8gcyfHSh8aOh8bhkRLQ7ylJ+ySctYuYZWLomiYtnKtowziqHTrQ5bA/W93iiEVCsPC5W2zf4fZ2 mO112YNHBv+ZfONW337HJk3Vr69G+vgdzpFavICnOXUVawxQbnf+HQfyExGgOtHTGQoBX0XMnURa ayNofdJetKjpUFNWFH+w+yBLXwgAAAAAAAA= --Apple-Mail-15-740332531--